maxwell-boltzmann distribution law
Học thuậtThân thiện
The professor draws a graph of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law on the whiteboard.
Definition
Noun: * (Physics) Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law: A fundamental law in statistical mechanics that describes the statistical distribution of the speeds (or kinetic energies) of molecules in a classical, non-interacting gas at thermal equilibrium. It predicts the probability of finding a molecule with a specific speed at a given temperature.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law is essential for understanding the kinetic theory of gases.
- According to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, only a small fraction of gas molecules have very high speeds.
- The curve generated by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law shifts to higher speeds as the temperature increases.
Advanced Usage
- "to obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law": To have a molecular speed distribution that matches the theoretical prediction of the law.
- An ideal gas is assumed to obey the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law perfectly.
- "a consequence of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law": A result or phenomenon that can be derived from or explained by the law.
- The temperature dependence of reaction rates can be understood as a consequence of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
Variants and Related Words
- Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (n): The specific distribution function or curve itself, often used interchangeably with the full term "law."
- The plot shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for nitrogen at 300K.
- Boltzmann distribution (n): A more general statistical distribution of which the Maxwell-Boltzmann law is a specific case for translational kinetic energy.
Synonyms
- Maxwellian distribution: A less common synonym referring to the same statistical law.
- Distribution of molecular speeds: A descriptive phrase for the phenomenon governed by the law.
Related Phrases
- Tail of the distribution: Refers to the high-speed end of the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve.
- Chemical reactions often depend on molecules in the tail of the distribution.
- Most probable speed: A specific value (the peak of the distribution curve) derived from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law.
The professor draws a graph of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law on the whiteboard.
Noun
- (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium